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Sunday, October 22, 2023 at 2:34 pm #14728nedholtz25935Participant
<br> However, when dominance increases it is usually a sign of weakening in the crypto industry and a positive for Bitcoin maximalists alone. To review, a backquoted expression is similar to a quoted expression except you can “unquote” particular subexpressions by preceding them with a comma, possibly followed by an at (@) sign. This way of thinking about it has the benefit of being pretty much exactly what’s happening under the covers–when the reader reads a backquoted expression, it translates it into code that generates the appropriate list structure. A dedicated server is a highly efficient server to enhance the performance of any website by generating the maximal amount of speed and power and making it perform even in a more graceful way. Another useful way to think about the backquote syntax is as a particularly concise way of writing code that generates lists. Another special feature of macro parameter lists is that you can use &body as a synonym for &rest. In addition to being more concise, destructuring parameter lists also give you automatic error checking–with do-primes defined this way, Lisp will be able to detect a call whose first argument isn’t a three-element list and will give you a meaningful error message just as if you had called a function with too few or too many arguments.<br>
<br> Also, in development environments such as SLIME that indicate what arguments are expected as soon as you type the name of a function or macro, if you use a destructuring parameter list, the environment will be able to tell you more specifically the syntax of the macro call. Or, more conveniently, in SLIME you can check a macro’s expansion by placing the cursor on the opening parenthesis of a macro form in your source code and typing C-c RET to invoke the Emacs function slime-macroexpand-1, which will pass the macro form to MACROEXPAND-1 and “pretty print” the result in a temporary buffer. Or you can check the macro directly by looking at the expansion of a particular call. For instance, you can replace var-and-range with a list (var start end), and the three elements of the list will automatically be destructured into those three parameters. The language standard doesn’t specify exactly what code the reader must produce as long as it generates the right list structure. With an at sign, the value–which must be a list–is “spliced” into the enclosing list. The function MACROEXPAND-1 takes any Lisp expression as an argument and returns the result of doing one level of macro expansion.3 Because MACROEXPAND-1 is a function, to pass it a literal macro form you must quote it.<br>
<br> Suppose you were to call do-primes with, instead of a literal number such as 19, an expression such as (random 100) in the end position. Every 210,000 blocks, or about once every four years, the number of bitcoin received from each block reward is halved to gradually reduce the number of bitcoin entering the space over time. Whoever successfully unlocks the next block is rewarded with a set number of bitcoin known as “block rewards” and gets to add a number of transactions to the new block. The Bitcoin consensus protocol doesn’t use ECDH, but it is used elsewhere with the same curve parameters as Bitcoin in schemes described in BIPs 47, 75, and view 151 (old draft); Lightning BOLTs 4 and 8; and variously elsewhere such as Bitmessage, ElementsProject side chains using confidential transactions and assets, and some Ethereum smart contracts. This is a leak in the abstraction because, to use the macro correctly, the caller needs to be aware that the end form is going to be evaluated more than once. Semantically &body and &rest are equivalent, but many development environments will use the presence of a &body parameter to modify how they indent uses of the macro–typically &body parameters are used to hold a list of forms that make up the body of the macro<br>>
<br>> The parameters in the nested parameter list will take their values from the elements of the expression that would have been bound to the parameter the list replaced. Within a destructuring parameter list, a simple parameter name can be replaced with a nested parameter list. Some Lisps may reject this code because ending-value is used twice as a variable name in the same DO loop. The last leak you need to plug was created by using the variable name ending-value. This leak is trivially plugged by swapping the order of the two variable definitions. You can test it in two ways. Unfortunately, this fix introduces two new leaks to the macro abstraction. Luckily, it’s pretty easy to tell whether a given macro suffers from any of those leaks and to fix them. The current definition suffers from one of the three possible macro leaks: namely, it evaluates the end subform too many times. Thus, instead of looping until p is greater than an initially chosen random number, this loop will iterate until it happens to draw a random number less than or equal to the current value of p. As you’ll see in a moment, the current implementation of do-primes doesn’t handle certain edge cases correctly<br>> -
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